Symptomatology schizophrenia varied. Simply list the psychopathological symptoms and syndromes that are not characteristic of schizophrenia than those that occur frequently. Some symptoms and syndromes are found in many patients with schizophrenia look there, but their diagnostic value is relatively small, because these same symptoms and syndromes are common to many other psychiatric diseases (for example, delusions of persecution). Other revealed not all patients with schizophrenia, but reliably occur almost exclusively in schizophrenia (dissociation of thought and speech) and are pathognomonic for the disease close to the specific manifestations.
As with the general psychopathology in general, the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia made to distinguish between productive and negative (positive).
In domestic practice, diagnosis of schizophrenia preimuschest tively based on identifying characteristic of schizophrenia negative disorders, especially in large prescription disease. In the earlier stages of schizophrenia basic diagnostic value are often particularly productive symptoms (along with the dynamics of clinical manifestations).
The fundamental negative symptoms of schizophrenia include skhizis (intrapsychic ataxia). Under skhizisom understand disintegration, dysfunctional psyche, uneven, mosaic disorders of mental functions. Some mental functions can be roughly upset, while others related - intact. For example, it is possible serious disorder of thought and speech in the form of their incoherence with sufficient memory preservation. Specific manifestations of the splitting of the psyche itself is also torn it (suffering logical aspect of speech with grammatical safety), the experience of splitting the "I" in the framework of depersonalization, oivalentnost (coexistence of polar emotions), and many other symptoms of schizophrenia. Drawing an analogy between skhizisom and playing the orchestra without a conductor.
Another cardinal symptom of schizophrenia - autism, which is defined weakening of ties with reality, excessive immersion into their inner world. The external circumstances have little influence on the content of psychic life of the patient, which is determined by the unusual, detached from everyday thoughts, fantasies, dreams, hallucinatory-delusional experiences. In some cases, patients are almost completely separated from the surrounding, in the other - symptoms of autism are limited to excessive tendency to introspection, a certain detachment from reality. For private zhutizma manifestations can be attributed intraverziya ocular (eye, "looking to yourself"), autoerotism.
Typical for schizophrenia maloobratimye emotional changes are primarily in the apathetic mood or color in deep apathy. These changes often, depending on their severity, called emotional blunting, or stupidity, given the coldness, callousness patients in relation to the family. Emotional stupidity is sometimes combined with the peculiar vulnerability, fragility of emotions.
Among other persistent mood changes characteristic emotional inadequacy and ambivalence.
For patients with schizophrenia pathology typical volitional function. Very often detected in various degrees of weakness of the motivations, reduced activity. In some cases, there are only a certain weakening of the desire for activity, lethargy (hypobulia. Or decreased energy potential). In others - patients almost completely inactive. Their activity is, at best, reduced to meaningless to walking, smoking, meeting the simplest biological needs (abulia).
Patients with schizophrenia often live and act as though mechanically, without a sense of inner activity. In accordance with the existing stereotypes they perform service, family responsibilities, not trying to change anything for the better { "social drift").
Often occurring in schizophrenia pathology drives expressed in their oppression, gain or distortion. Patients with severe or harsh mental defect is sometimes characterized by gluttony, eating non-food items, sexual deviations, up to public masturbation, assault and self-harm, suicide attempts, performed unusual, painful methods, ill-treatment of people who torture animals and other manifestations of the so-called sadomasochistic tendencies .
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